Yesaya 11:11-16
Konteks11:11 At that time 1 the sovereign master 2 will again lift his hand 3 to reclaim 4 the remnant of his people 5 from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, 6 Cush, 7 Elam, Shinar, 8 Hamath, and the seacoasts. 9
11:12 He will lift a signal flag for the nations;
he will gather Israel’s dispersed people 10
and assemble Judah’s scattered people
from the four corners of the earth.
11:13 Ephraim’s jealousy will end, 11
and Judah’s hostility 12 will be eliminated.
Ephraim will no longer be jealous of Judah,
and Judah will no longer be hostile toward Ephraim.
11:14 They will swoop down 13 on the Philistine hills to the west; 14
together they will loot the people of the east.
They will take over Edom and Moab, 15
and the Ammonites will be their subjects.
11:15 The Lord will divide 16 the gulf 17 of the Egyptian Sea; 18
he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River 19 and send a strong wind, 20
he will turn it into seven dried-up streams, 21
and enable them to walk across in their sandals.
11:16 There will be a highway leading out of Assyria
for the remnant of his people, 22
just as there was for Israel,
when 23 they went up from the land of Egypt.
Yesaya 45:17
Konteks45:17 Israel will be delivered once and for all by the Lord; 24
you will never again be ashamed or humiliated. 25
Yesaya 54:6-10
Konteks54:6 “Indeed, the Lord will call you back
like a wife who has been abandoned and suffers from depression, 26
like a young wife when she has been rejected,” says your God.
54:7 “For a short time I abandoned 27 you,
but with great compassion I will gather you.
54:8 In a burst 28 of anger I rejected you 29 momentarily,
but with lasting devotion I will have compassion on you,”
says your protector, 30 the Lord.
54:9 “As far as I am concerned, this is like in Noah’s time, 31
when I vowed that the waters of Noah’s flood 32 would never again cover the earth.
In the same way I have vowed that I will not be angry at you or shout at you.
54:10 Even if the mountains are removed
and the hills displaced,
my devotion will not be removed from you,
nor will my covenant of friendship 33 be displaced,”
says the Lord, the one who has compassion on you.
Yeremia 3:17-23
Konteks3:17 At that time the city of Jerusalem 34 will be called the Lord’s throne. All nations will gather there in Jerusalem to honor the Lord’s name. 35 They will no longer follow the stubborn inclinations of their own evil hearts. 36 3:18 At that time 37 the nation of Judah and the nation of Israel will be reunited. 38 Together they will come back from a land in the north to the land that I gave to your ancestors as a permanent possession. ” 39
‘Oh what a joy it would be for me to treat you like a son! 41
What a joy it would be for me to give 42 you a pleasant land,
the most beautiful piece of property there is in all the world!’ 43
I thought you would call me, ‘Father’ 44
and would never cease being loyal to me. 45
3:20 But, you have been unfaithful to me, nation of Israel, 46
like an unfaithful wife who has left her husband,” 47
says the Lord.
3:21 “A noise is heard on the hilltops.
It is the sound of the people of Israel crying and pleading to their gods.
Indeed they have followed sinful ways; 48
they have forgotten to be true to the Lord their God. 49
3:22 Come back to me, you wayward people.
I want to cure your waywardness. 50
Say, 51 ‘Here we are. We come to you
because you are the Lord our God.
3:23 We know our noisy worship of false gods
on the hills and mountains did not help us. 52
We know that the Lord our God
is the only one who can deliver Israel. 53
Yeremia 30:17-22
Konteks30:17 Yes, 54 I will restore you to health.
I will heal your wounds.
I, the Lord, affirm it! 55
For you have been called an outcast,
Zion, whom no one cares for.”
30:18 The Lord says,
“I will restore the ruined houses of the descendants of Jacob.
I will show compassion on their ruined homes. 56
Every city will be rebuilt on its former ruins. 57
Every fortified dwelling will occupy its traditional site. 58
30:19 Out of those places you will hear songs of thanksgiving 59
and the sounds of laughter and merriment.
I will increase their number and they will not dwindle away. 60
I will bring them honor and they will no longer be despised.
30:20 The descendants of Jacob will enjoy their former privileges.
Their community will be reestablished in my favor 61
and I will punish all who try to oppress them.
30:21 One of their own people will be their leader.
Their ruler will come from their own number. 62
I will invite him to approach me, and he will do so. 63
For no one would dare approach me on his own. 64
I, the Lord, affirm it! 65
30:22 Then you will again be my people
and I will be your God. 66
Yeremia 31:31-37
Konteks31:31 “Indeed, a time is coming,” says the Lord, 67 “when I will make a new covenant 68 with the people of Israel and Judah. 69 31:32 It will not be like the old 70 covenant that I made with their ancestors 71 when I delivered them 72 from Egypt. For they violated that covenant, even though I was like a faithful husband to them,” 73 says the Lord. 74 31:33 “But I will make a new covenant with the whole nation of Israel 75 after I plant them back in the land,” 76 says the Lord. 77 “I will 78 put my law within them 79 and write it on their hearts and minds. 80 I will be their God and they will be my people. 81
31:34 “People will no longer need to teach their neighbors and relatives to know me. 82 For all of them, from the least important to the most important, will know me,” 83 says the Lord. “For 84 I will forgive their sin and will no longer call to mind the wrong they have done.”
31:35 The Lord has made a promise to Israel.
He promises it as the one who fixed the sun to give light by day
and the moon and stars to give light by night.
He promises it as the one who stirs up the sea so that its waves roll.
He promises it as the one who is known as the Lord who rules over all. 85
31:36 The Lord affirms, 86 “The descendants of Israel will not
cease forever to be a nation in my sight.
That could only happen if the fixed ordering of the heavenly lights
were to cease to operate before me.” 87
31:37 The Lord says, “I will not reject all the descendants of Israel
because of all that they have done. 88
That could only happen if the heavens above could be measured
or the foundations of the earth below could all be explored,” 89
says the Lord. 90
Yeremia 32:37-41
Konteks32:37 ‘I will certainly regather my people from all the countries where I will have exiled 91 them in my anger, fury, and great wrath. I will bring them back to this place and allow them to live here in safety. 32:38 They will be my people, and I will be their God. 92 32:39 I will give them a single-minded purpose to live in a way that always shows respect for me. They will want to do that for 93 their own good and the good of the children who descend from them. 32:40 I will make a lasting covenant 94 with them that I will never stop doing good to them. 95 I will fill their hearts and minds with respect for me so that 96 they will never again turn 97 away from me. 32:41 I will take delight in doing good to them. I will faithfully and wholeheartedly plant them 98 firmly in the land.’
Yeremia 33:24-26
Konteks33:24 “You have surely noticed what these people are saying, haven’t you? They are saying, 99 ‘The Lord has rejected the two families of Israel and Judah 100 that he chose.’ So they have little regard that my people will ever again be a nation. 101 33:25 But I, the Lord, make the following promise: 102 I have made a covenant governing the coming of day and night. I have established the fixed laws governing heaven and earth. 33:26 Just as surely as I have done this, so surely will I never reject the descendants of Jacob. Nor will I ever refuse to choose one of my servant David’s descendants to rule over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Indeed, 103 I will restore them 104 and show mercy to them.”
Yehezkiel 34:22-31
Konteks34:22 I will save my sheep; they will no longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep and another.
34:23 I will set one shepherd over them, and he will feed them – namely, my servant David. 105 He will feed them and will be their shepherd. 34:24 I, the Lord, will be their God, and my servant David will be prince 106 among them; I, the Lord, have spoken!
34:25 “‘I will make a covenant of peace with them and will rid the land of wild beasts, so that they can live securely 107 in the wilderness and even sleep in the woods. 108 34:26 I will turn them and the regions around my hill into a blessing. I will make showers come down in their season; they will be showers that bring blessing. 109 34:27 The trees of the field will yield their fruit and the earth will yield its crops. They will live securely on their land; they will know that I am the Lord, when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hand of those who enslaved them. 34:28 They will no longer be prey for the nations and the wild beasts will not devour them. They will live securely and no one will make them afraid. 34:29 I will prepare for them a healthy 110 planting. They will no longer be victims 111 of famine in the land and will no longer bear the insults of the nations. 34:30 Then they will know that I, the Lord their God, am with them, 112 and that they are my people, the house of Israel, declares the sovereign Lord. 113 34:31 And you, my sheep, the sheep of my pasture, are my people, 114 and I am your God, declares the sovereign Lord.’”
Yehezkiel 37:21-28
Konteks37:21 Then tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land. 37:22 I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over them all. They will never again be two nations and never again be divided into two kingdoms. 115 37:23 They will not defile themselves with their idols, their detestable things, and all their rebellious deeds. I will save them from all their unfaithfulness 116 by which they sinned. I will purify them; they will become my people and I will become their God.
37:24 “‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow 117 my regulations and carefully observe my statutes. 118 37:25 They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, in which your fathers lived; they will live in it – they and their children and their grandchildren forever. David my servant will be prince over them forever. 37:26 I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be a perpetual covenant with them. 119 I will establish them, 120 increase their numbers, and place my sanctuary among them forever. 37:27 My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people. 37:28 Then, when my sanctuary is among them forever, the nations will know that I, the Lord, sanctify Israel.’” 121
Yehezkiel 39:25--48:35
Konteks39:25 “Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Now I will restore 122 the fortunes of Jacob, and I will have mercy on the entire house of Israel. I will be zealous for my holy name. 39:26 They will bear their shame for all their unfaithful acts against me, when they live securely on their land with no one to make them afraid. 39:27 When I have brought them back from the peoples and gathered them from the countries of their enemies, I will magnify myself among them in the sight of many nations. 39:28 Then they will know that I am the Lord their God, because I sent them into exile among the nations, and then gathered them into their own land. I will not leave any of them in exile 123 any longer. 39:29 I will no longer hide my face from them, when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel, 124 declares the sovereign Lord.”
40:1 In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city 125 was struck down, on this very day, 126 the hand 127 of the Lord was on me, and he brought me there. 128 40:2 By means of divine visions 129 he brought me to the land of Israel and placed me on a very high mountain, 130 and on it was a structure like a city, to the south. 40:3 When he brought me there, I saw 131 a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring stick in his hand. He was standing in the gateway. 40:4 The man said to me, “Son of man, watch closely, listen carefully, and pay attention 132 to everything I show you, for you have been brought here so that I can show it to you. 133 Tell the house of Israel everything you see.”
40:5 I saw 134 a wall all around the outside of the temple. 135 In the man’s hand was a measuring stick 10½ feet 136 long. He measured the thickness of the wall 137 as 10½ feet, 138 and its height as 10½ feet. 40:6 Then he went to the gate facing east. He climbed its steps and measured the threshold of the gate as 10½ feet deep. 139 40:7 The alcoves were 10½ feet long and 10½ feet wide; between the alcoves were 8¾ feet. 140 The threshold of the gate by the porch of the gate facing inward was 10½ feet. 40:8 Then he measured the porch of the gate facing inward as 10½ feet. 40:9 He measured the porch of the gate as 14 feet, 141 and its jambs as 3½ feet; 142 the porch of the gate faced inward. 40:10 There were three alcoves on each side of the east gate; the three had the same measurement, and the jambs on either side had the same measurement. 143 40:11 He measured the width of the entrance of the gateway as 17½ feet, 144 and the length of the gateway as 22¾ feet. 145 40:12 There was a barrier in front of the alcoves, 1¾ feet 146 on either side; the alcoves were 10½ feet 147 on either side. 40:13 He measured the gateway from the roof of one alcove to the roof of the other, a width of 43¾ feet 148 from one entrance to the opposite one. 40:14 He measured 149 the porch 150 at 105 feet 151 high; 152 the gateway went all around to the jamb of the courtyard. 40:15 From the front of the entrance gate to the porch of the inner gate was 87½ feet. 153 40:16 There were closed windows toward the alcoves and toward their jambs within the gate all around, and likewise for the porches. There were windows all around the inside, and on each jamb were decorative palm trees. 154
40:17 Then he brought me to the outer court. I saw 155 chambers there, and a pavement made for the court all around; thirty chambers faced the pavement. 40:18 The pavement was beside the gates, corresponding to the length of the gates; this was the lower pavement. 40:19 Then he measured the width from before the lower gate to the front of the exterior of the inner court as 175 feet 156 on the east and on the north.
40:20 He measured the length and width of the gate of the outer court which faces north. 40:21 Its alcoves, three on each side, and its jambs and porches had the same measurement as the first gate; 87½ feet 157 long and 43¾ feet 158 wide. 40:22 Its windows, its porches, and its decorative palm trees had the same measurement as the gate which faced east. Seven steps led up to it, and its porch was in front of them. 40:23 Opposite the gate on the north and the east was a gate of the inner court; he measured the distance from gate to gate at 175 feet. 159
40:24 Then he led me toward the south. I saw 160 a gate on the south. He measured its jambs and its porches; they had the same dimensions as the others. 40:25 There were windows all around it and its porches, like the windows of the others; 161 87½ feet 162 long and 43¾ feet 163 wide. 40:26 There were seven steps going up to it; its porches were in front of them. It had decorative palm trees on its jambs, one on either side. 40:27 The inner court had a gate toward the south; he measured it from gate to gate toward the south as 175 feet. 164
40:28 Then he brought me to the inner court by the south gate. He measured the south gate; it had the same dimensions as the others. 40:29 Its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches had the same dimensions as the others, and there were windows all around it and its porches; its length was 87½ feet 165 and its width 43¾ feet. 166 40:30 There were porches all around, 43¾ feet 167 long and 8¾ feet 168 wide. 40:31 Its porches faced the outer court, and decorative palm trees were on its jambs, and its stairway had eight steps.
40:32 Then he brought me to the inner court on the east side. He measured the gate; it had the same dimensions as the others. 40:33 Its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches had the same dimensions as the others, and there were windows all around it and its porches; its length was 87½ feet 169 and its width 43¾ feet. 170 40:34 Its porches faced the outer court, it had decorative palm trees on its jambs, and its stairway had eight steps.
40:35 Then he brought me to the north gate, and he measured it; it had the same dimensions as the others – 40:36 its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches. It had windows all around it; its length was 87½ feet 171 and its width 43¾ feet. 172 40:37 Its jambs 173 faced the outer court, and it had decorative palm trees on its jambs, on either side, and its stairway had eight steps.
40:38 There was a chamber with its door by the porch of the gate; 174 there they washed the burnt offering. 40:39 In the porch of the gate were two tables on either side on which to slaughter the burnt offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering. 40:40 On the outside of the porch as one goes up at the entrance of the north gate were two tables, and on the other side of the porch of the gate were two tables. 40:41 Four tables were on each side of the gate, eight tables on which the sacrifices were to be slaughtered. 40:42 The four tables for the burnt offering were of carved stone, 32 inches 175 long, 32 inches 176 wide, and 21 inches 177 high. They would put the instruments which they used to slaughter the burnt offering and the sacrifice on them. 40:43 There were hooks 178 three inches 179 long, fastened in the house all around, and on the tables was the flesh of the offering.
40:44 On the outside of the inner gate were chambers for the singers of the inner court, one 180 at the side of the north gate facing south, and the other at the side of the south 181 gate facing north. 40:45 He said to me, “This chamber which faces south is for the priests who keep charge of the temple, 182 40:46 and the chamber which faces north is for the priests who keep charge of the altar. These are the descendants of Zadok, from the descendants of Levi, who may approach the Lord to minister to him.” 40:47 He measured the court as a square 175 feet long and 175 feet wide; 183 the altar was in front of the temple.
40:48 Then he brought me to the porch of the temple and measured the jambs of the porch as 8¾ feet 184 on either side, and the width of the gate was 24½ feet 185 and the sides 186 were 5¼ feet 187 on each side. 40:49 The length of the porch was 35 feet 188 and the width 19¼ feet; 189 steps 190 led up to it, and there were pillars beside the jambs on either side.
41:1 Then he brought me to the outer sanctuary, and measured the jambs; the jambs were 10½ feet 191 wide on each side. 41:2 The width of the entrance was 17½ feet, 192 and the sides 193 of the entrance were 8¾ feet 194 on each side. He measured the length of the outer sanctuary as 70 feet, 195 and its width as 35 feet. 196
41:3 Then he went into the inner sanctuary and measured the jambs of the entrance as 3½ feet, 197 the entrance as 10½ feet, 198 and the width of the entrance as 12¼ feet 199 41:4 Then he measured its length as 35 feet, 200 and its width as 35 feet, 201 before the outer sanctuary. He said to me, “This is the most holy place.”
41:5 Then he measured the wall of the temple 202 as 10½ feet, 203 and the width of the side chambers as 7 feet, 204 all around the temple. 41:6 The side chambers were in three stories, one above the other, thirty in each story. There were offsets in the wall all around to serve as supports for the side chambers, so that the supports were not in the wall of the temple. 41:7 The side chambers surrounding the temple were wider at each successive story; 205 for the structure 206 surrounding the temple went up story by story all around the temple. For this reason the width of the temple increased as it went up, and one went up from the lowest story to the highest by the way of the middle story.
41:8 I saw that the temple had a raised platform all around; the foundations of the side chambers were a full measuring stick 207 of 10½ feet 208 high. 41:9 The width of the outer wall of the side chambers was 8¾ feet, 209 and the open area between the side chambers of the temple 41:10 and the chambers of the court was 35 feet 210 in width all around the temple on every side. 41:11 There were entrances from the side chambers toward the open area, one entrance toward the north, and another entrance toward the south; the width of the open area was 8¾ feet 211 all around.
41:12 The building that was facing the temple courtyard at the west side was 122½ feet 212 wide; the wall of the building was 8¾ feet 213 all around, and its length 157½ feet. 214
41:13 Then he measured the temple as 175 feet 215 long, the courtyard of the temple and the building and its walls as 175 feet 216 long, 41:14 and also the width of the front of the temple and the courtyard on the east as 175 feet. 217
41:15 Then he measured the length of the building facing the courtyard at the rear of the temple, with its galleries on either side as 175 feet. 218
The interior of the outer sanctuary and the porch of the court, 219 41:16 as well as the thresholds, narrow windows and galleries all around on three sides facing the threshold were paneled with wood all around, from the ground up to the windows (now the windows were covered), 41:17 to the space above the entrance, to the inner room, and on the outside, and on all the walls in the inner room and outside, by measurement. 220 41:18 It was made with cherubim and decorative palm trees, with a palm tree between each cherub. Each cherub had two faces: 41:19 a human face toward the palm tree on one side and a lion’s face toward the palm tree on the other side. They were carved on the whole temple all around; 41:20 from the ground to the area above the entrance, cherubim and decorative palm trees were carved on the wall of the outer sanctuary. 41:21 The doorposts of the outer sanctuary were square. In front of the sanctuary one doorpost looked just like the other. 41:22 The altar was of wood, 5¼ feet 221 high, with its length 3½ feet; 222 its corners, its length, 223 and its walls were of wood. He said to me, “This is the table that is before the Lord.” 41:23 The outer sanctuary and the inner sanctuary each had a double door. 41:24 Each of the doors had two leaves, two swinging 224 leaves; two leaves for one door and two leaves for the other. 41:25 On the doors of the outer sanctuary were carved cherubim and palm trees, like those carved on the walls, and there was a canopy 225 of wood on the front of the outside porch. 41:26 There were narrow windows and decorative palm trees on either side of the side walls of the porch; this is what the side chambers of the temple and the canopies were like.
42:1 Then he led me out to the outer court, toward the north, and brought me to the chamber which was opposite the courtyard and opposite the building on the north. 42:2 Its length was 175 feet 226 on the north side, 227 and its width 87½ feet. 228 42:3 Opposite the 35 feet 229 that belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, gallery faced gallery in the three stories. 42:4 In front of the chambers was a walkway on the inner side, 17½ feet 230 wide at a distance of 1¾ feet, 231 and their entrances were on the north. 42:5 Now the upper chambers were narrower, because the galleries took more space from them than from the lower and middle chambers of the building. 42:6 For they were in three stories and had no pillars like the pillars of the courts; therefore the upper chambers 232 were set back from the ground more than the lower and upper ones. 42:7 As for the outer wall by the side of the chambers, toward the outer court facing the chambers, it was 87½ feet 233 long. 42:8 For the chambers on the outer court were 87½ feet 234 long, while those facing the temple were 175 feet 235 long. 42:9 Below these chambers was a passage on the east side as one enters from the outer court.
42:10 At the beginning 236 of the wall of the court toward the south, 237 facing the courtyard and the building, were chambers 42:11 with a passage in front of them. They looked like the chambers on the north. Of the same length and width, and all their exits according to their arrangements and entrances 42:12 were the chambers 238 which were toward the south. There was an opening at the head of the passage, the passage in front of the corresponding wall toward the east when one enters.
42:13 Then he said to me, “The north chambers and the south chambers which face the courtyard are holy chambers where the priests 239 who approach the Lord will eat the most holy offerings. There they will place the most holy offerings – the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, because the place is holy. 42:14 When the priests enter, then they will not go out from the sanctuary to the outer court without taking off their garments in which they minister, for these are holy; they will put on other garments, then they will go near the places where the people are.”
42:15 Now when he had finished measuring the interior of the temple, he led me out by the gate which faces east and measured all around. 42:16 He measured the east side with the measuring stick 240 as 875 feet 241 by the measuring stick. 42:17 He measured the north side as 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:18 He measured the south side as 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:19 He turned to the west side and measured 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:20 He measured it on all four sides. It had a wall around it, 875 feet long and 875 feet wide, to separate the holy and common places.
43:1 Then he brought me to the gate that faced toward the east. 43:2 I saw 242 the glory of the God of Israel 243 coming from the east; 244 the sound was like that of rushing water; 245 and the earth radiated 246 his glory. 43:3 It was like the vision I saw when he 247 came to destroy the city, and the vision I saw by the Kebar River. I threw myself face down. 43:4 The glory of the Lord came into the temple by way of the gate that faces east. 43:5 Then a wind 248 lifted me up and brought me to the inner court; I watched 249 the glory of the Lord filling the temple. 250
43:6 I heard someone speaking to me from the temple, while the man was standing beside me. 43:7 He said to me: “Son of man, this is the place of my throne 251 and the place for the soles of my feet, 252 where I will live among the people of Israel forever. The house of Israel will no longer profane my holy name, neither they nor their kings, by their spiritual prostitution or by the pillars of their kings set up when they die. 253 43:8 When they placed their threshold by my threshold and their doorpost by my doorpost, with only the wall between me and them, they profaned my holy name by the abominable deeds they committed. So I consumed them in my anger. 43:9 Now they must put away their spiritual prostitution and the pillars of their kings far from me, and then I will live among them forever.
43:10 “As for you, son of man, describe the temple to the house of Israel, so that they will be ashamed of their sins and measure the pattern. 43:11 When they are ashamed of all that they have done, make known to them the design of the temple, its pattern, its exits and entrances, and its whole design – all its statutes, its entire design, and all its laws; write it all down in their sight, so that they may observe its entire design and all its statutes and do them.
43:12 “This is the law of the temple: The entire area on top of the mountain all around will be most holy. Indeed, this is the law of the temple.
43:13 “And these are the measurements of the altar: 254 Its base 255 is 1¾ feet 256 high, 257 and 1¾ feet 258 wide, and its border nine inches 259 on its edge. This is to be the height 260 of the altar. 43:14 From the base of the ground to the lower edge is 3½ feet, 261 and the width 1¾ feet; 262 and from the smaller ledge to the larger edge, 7 feet, 263 and the width 1¾ feet; 43:15 and the altar hearth, 7 feet, and from the altar hearth four horns projecting upward. 43:16 Now the altar hearth 264 is a perfect square, 21 feet 265 long and 21 feet wide. 43:17 The ledge is 24½ feet 266 long and 24½ feet wide on four sides; the border around it is 10½ inches, 267 and its surrounding base 1¾ feet. 268 Its steps face east.”
43:18 Then he said to me: “Son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: These are the statutes of the altar: On the day it is built to offer up burnt offerings on it and to sprinkle blood on it, 269 43:19 you will give a young bull for a sin offering to the Levitical priests who are descended from Zadok, who approach me to minister to me, declares the sovereign Lord. 43:20 You will take some of its blood, and place it on the four horns of the altar, on the four corners of the ledge, and on the border all around; you will cleanse it and make atonement for it. 270 43:21 You will also take the bull for the sin offering, and it will be burned in the appointed place in the temple, outside the sanctuary.
43:22 “On the second day, you will offer a male goat without blemish for a sin offering. They will purify the altar just as they purified it with the bull. 43:23 When you have finished purifying it, you will offer an unblemished young bull and an unblemished ram from the flock. 43:24 You will present them before the Lord, and the priests will scatter salt on them 271 and offer them up as a burnt offering to the Lord.
43:25 “For seven days you will provide every day a goat for a sin offering; a young bull and a ram from the flock, both without blemish, will be provided. 43:26 For seven days they will make atonement for the altar and cleanse it, so they will consecrate it. 272 43:27 When the prescribed period is over, 273 on the eighth day and thereafter the priests will offer up on the altar your burnt offerings and your peace offerings; 274 I will accept you, declares the sovereign Lord.”
44:1 Then he brought me back by way of the outer gate of the sanctuary which faces east, but it was shut. 44:2 The Lord said to me: “This gate will be shut; it will not be opened, and no one will enter by it. For the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered by it; therefore it will remain shut. 44:3 Only the prince may sit in it to eat a sacrificial meal 275 before the Lord; he will enter by way of the porch of the gate and will go out by the same way.”
44:4 Then he brought me by way of the north gate to the front of the temple. As I watched, I noticed 276 the glory of the Lord filling the Lord’s temple, and I threw myself face down. 44:5 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, pay attention, 277 watch closely and listen carefully to 278 everything I tell you concerning all the statutes of the Lord’s house and all its laws. Pay attention to the entrances 279 to the temple with all the exits of the sanctuary. 44:6 Say to the rebellious, 280 to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough of all your abominable practices, O house of Israel! 44:7 When you bring foreigners, those uncircumcised in heart and in flesh, into my sanctuary, you desecrate 281 it – even my house – when you offer my food, the fat and the blood. You 282 have broken my covenant by all your abominable practices. 44:8 You have not kept charge of my holy things, but you have assigned foreigners 283 to keep charge of my sanctuary for you. 44:9 This is what the sovereign Lord says: No foreigner, who is uncircumcised in heart and flesh among all the foreigners who are among the people of Israel, will enter into my sanctuary. 284
44:10 “‘But the Levites who went far from me, straying off from me after their idols when Israel went astray, will be responsible for 285 their sin. 44:11 Yet they will be ministers in my sanctuary, having oversight at the gates of the temple, and serving the temple. They will slaughter the burnt offerings and the sacrifices for the people, and they will stand before them to minister to them. 44:12 Because they used to minister to them before their idols, and became a sinful obstacle 286 to the house of Israel, consequently I have made a vow 287 concerning them, declares the sovereign Lord, that they will be responsible 288 for their sin. 44:13 They will not come near me to serve me as priest, nor will they come near any of my holy things, the things which are most sacred. They will bear the shame of the abominable deeds they have committed. 44:14 Yet I will appoint them to keep charge of the temple, all of its service and all that will be done in it.
44:15 “‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok 289 who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the sovereign Lord. 44:16 They will enter my sanctuary, and approach my table to minister to me; they will keep my charge.
44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple. 44:18 Linen turbans will be on their heads and linen undergarments will be around their waists; they must not bind themselves with anything that causes sweat. 44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. 290
44:20 “‘They must not shave their heads 291 nor let their hair grow long; 292 they must only trim their heads. 44:21 No priest may drink wine when he enters the inner court. 44:22 They must not marry a widow or a divorcee, but they may marry a virgin from the house of Israel 293 or a widow who is a priest’s widow. 44:23 Moreover, they will teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and show them how to distinguish between the ceremonially unclean and the clean. 294
44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; 295 they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe 296 my Sabbaths.
44:25 “‘They must not come near a dead person or they will be defiled; 297 however, for father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister, they may defile themselves. 44:26 After a priest 298 has become ceremonially clean, they 299 must count off a period of seven days for him. 44:27 On the day he enters the sanctuary, into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary, he must offer his sin offering, declares the sovereign Lord.
44:28 “‘This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance, and you must give them no property in Israel; I am their property. 300 44:29 They may eat the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, and every devoted thing in Israel will be theirs. 44:30 The first of all the first fruits and all contributions of any kind 301 will be for the priests; you will also give to the priest the first portion of your dough, so that a blessing may rest on your house. 44:31 The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal. 302
45:1 “‘When you allot the land as an inheritance, you will offer an allotment 303 to the Lord, a holy portion from the land; the length will be eight and a quarter miles 304 and the width three and one-third miles. 305 This entire area will be holy. 306 45:2 Of this area a square 875 feet 307 by 875 feet will be designated for the sanctuary, with 87½ feet 308 set aside for its open space round about. 45:3 From this measured area you will measure a length of eight and a quarter miles 309 and a width of three and one-third miles; 310 in it will be the sanctuary, the most holy place. 45:4 It will be a holy portion of the land; it will be for the priests, the ministers of the sanctuary who approach the Lord to minister to him. It will be a place for their houses and a holy place for the sanctuary. 311 45:5 An area eight and a quarter miles 312 in length and three and one-third miles 313 in width will be for the Levites, who minister at the temple, as the place for the cities 314 in which they will live.
45:6 “‘Alongside the portion set apart as the holy allotment, you will allot for the city an area one and two-thirds miles 315 wide and eight and a quarter miles 316 long; it will be for the whole house of Israel.
45:7 “‘For the prince there will be land on both sides of the holy allotment and the allotted city, alongside the holy allotment and the allotted city, on the west side and on the east side; it will be comparable in length to one of the portions, from the west border to the east border 45:8 of the land. This will be his property in Israel. My princes will no longer oppress my people, but the land will be allotted to the house of Israel according to their tribes.
45:9 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough, you princes of Israel! Put away violence and destruction, and do what is just and right. Put an end to your evictions of my people, 317 declares the sovereign Lord. 45:10 You must use just balances, 318 a just dry measure (an ephah), 319 and a just liquid measure (a bath). 320 45:11 The dry and liquid measures will be the same, the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, 321 and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure. 45:12 The shekel will be twenty gerahs. Sixty shekels 322 will be a mina for you.
45:13 “‘This is the offering you must offer: a sixth of an ephah from a homer of wheat; a sixth of an ephah from a homer of barley, 45:14 and as the prescribed portion of olive oil, one tenth of a bath from each kor (which is ten baths or a homer, for ten baths make a homer); 45:15 and one sheep from each flock of two hundred, from the watered places of Israel, for a grain offering, burnt offering, and peace offering, to make atonement for them, declares the sovereign Lord. 45:16 All the people of the land will contribute 323 to this offering for the prince of Israel. 45:17 It will be the duty of the prince to provide the burnt offerings, the grain offering, and the drink offering at festivals, on the new moons and Sabbaths, at all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel; he will provide the sin offering, the grain offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.
45:18 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the first month, on the first day of the month, you must take an unblemished young bull and purify the sanctuary. 45:19 The priest will take some of the blood of the sin offering and place it on the doorpost of the temple, on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the doorpost of the gate of the inner court. 45:20 This is what you must do on the seventh day of the month for anyone who sins inadvertently or through ignorance; so you will make atonement for the temple.
45:21 “‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will celebrate the Passover, and for seven days bread made without yeast will be eaten. 45:22 On that day the prince will provide for himself and for all the people of the land a bull for a sin offering. 45:23 And during the seven days of the feast he will provide as a burnt offering to the Lord seven bulls and seven rams, all without blemish, on each of the seven days, and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 45:24 He will provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a gallon 324 of olive oil for each ephah of grain. 325 45:25 In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the feast, 326 he will make the same provisions for the sin offering, burnt offering, and grain offering, and for the olive oil, for the seven days.
46:1 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east 327 will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened. 46:2 The prince will enter by way of the porch of the gate from the outside, and will stand by the doorpost of the gate. The priests will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he will bow down at the threshold of the gate and then go out. But the gate will not be closed until evening. 46:3 The people of the land will bow down at the entrance of that gate before the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the new moons. 46:4 The burnt offering which the prince will offer to the Lord on the Sabbath day will be six unblemished lambs and one unblemished ram. 46:5 The grain offering will be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs will be as much as he is able to give, 328 and a gallon 329 of olive oil with an ephah. 46:6 On the day of the new moon he will offer 330 an unblemished young bull, and six lambs and a ram, all without blemish. 46:7 He will provide a grain offering: an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he wishes, 331 and a gallon 332 of olive oil with each ephah of grain. 333 46:8 When the prince enters, he will come by way of the porch of the gate and will go out the same way.
46:9 “‘When the people of the land come before the Lord at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by way of the north gate to worship will go out by way of the south gate; whoever enters by way of the south gate will go out by way of the north gate. No one will return by way of the gate they entered but will go out straight ahead. 46:10 When they come in, the prince will come in with them, and when they go out, he will go out.
46:11 “‘At the festivals and at the appointed feasts the grain offering will be an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as one is able, 334 and a gallon 335 of olive oil with each ephah of grain. 336 46:12 When the prince provides a freewill offering, a burnt offering, or peace offerings as a voluntary offering to the Lord, the gate facing east will be opened for him, and he will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings just as he did on the Sabbath. Then he will go out, and the gate will be closed after he goes out. 337
46:13 “‘You 338 will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it. 46:14 And you 339 will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a gallon 340 of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute. 46:15 Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning, as a perpetual burnt offering.
46:16 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: If the prince should give a gift to one of his sons as 341 his inheritance, it will belong to his sons, it is their property by inheritance. 46:17 But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; 342 then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons. 46:18 The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”
46:19 Then he brought me through the entrance, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests which faced north. There I saw 343 a place at the extreme western end. 46:20 He said to me, “This is the place where the priests will boil the guilt offering and the sin offering, and where they will bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them out to the outer court to transmit holiness to the people.”
46:21 Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed 344 that in every corner of the court there was a court. 46:22 In the four corners of the court were small 345 courts, 70 feet 346 in length and 52½ feet 347 in width; the four were all the same size. 46:23 There was a row of masonry around each of the four courts, and places for boiling offerings were made under the rows all around. 46:24 Then he said to me, “These are the houses for boiling, where the ministers of the temple boil the sacrifices of the people.”
47:1 Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple. I noticed 348 that water was flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from under the right side of the temple, from south of the altar. 47:2 He led me out by way of the north gate and brought me around the outside of the outer gate that faces toward the east; I noticed 349 that the water was trickling out from the south side.
47:3 When the man went out toward the east with a measuring line in his hand, he measured 1,750 feet, 350 and then he led me through water, which was ankle deep. 47:4 Again he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was now knee deep. Once more he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was waist deep. 47:5 Again he measured 1,750 feet and it was a river I could not cross, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be crossed. 47:6 He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen this?”
Then he led me back to the bank of the river. 47:7 When I had returned, I noticed 351 a vast number of trees on the banks of the river, on both sides. 47:8 He said to me, “These waters go out toward the eastern region and flow down into the Arabah; when they enter the Dead Sea, 352 where the sea is stagnant, 353 the waters become fresh. 354 47:9 Every living creature which swarms where the river 355 flows will live; there will be many fish, for these waters flow there. It will become fresh 356 and everything will live where the river flows. 47:10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from Engedi to En-eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea. 357 47:11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty. 47:12 On both sides of the river’s banks, every kind of tree will grow for food. Their leaves will not wither nor will their fruit fail, but they will bear fruit every month, because their water source flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing.” 358
47:13 This is what the sovereign Lord says: “Here 359 are the borders 360 you will observe as you allot the land to the twelve tribes of Israel. (Joseph will have two portions.) 361 47:14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers; 362 this land will be assigned as your inheritance. 363
47:15 “This will be the border of the land: 364 On the north side, from the Great Sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Zedad; 47:16 Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath, as far as Hazer-hattikon, which is on the border of Hauran. 47:17 The border will run from the sea to Hazar-enan, at the border of Damascus, and on the north is the border of Hamath. This is the north side. 47:18 On the east side, between Hauran and Damascus, and between Gilead and the land of Israel, will be the Jordan. You will measure from the border to the eastern sea. This is the east side. 47:19 On the south side it will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribath Kadesh, the river, 365 to the Great Sea. This is the south side. 47:20 On the west side the Great Sea will be the boundary to a point opposite Lebo-hamath. This is the west side.
47:21 “This is how you will divide this land for yourselves among the tribes of Israel. 47:22 You must allot it as an inheritance among yourselves and for the foreigners who reside among you, who have fathered sons among you. You must treat them as native-born among the people of Israel; they will be allotted an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. 366 47:23 In whatever tribe the foreigner resides, there you will give him his inheritance,” declares the sovereign Lord.
48:1 “These are the names of the tribes: From the northern end beside the road of Hethlon to Lebo-hamath, as far as Hazar-enan (which is on the border of Damascus, toward the north beside Hamath), extending from the east side to the west, Dan will have one portion. 48:2 Next to the border of Dan, from the east side to the west, Asher 367 will have one portion. 48:3 Next to the border of Asher from the east side to the west, Naphtali will have one portion. 48:4 Next to the border of Naphtali from the east side to the west, Manasseh will have one portion. 48:5 Next to the border of Manasseh from the east side to the west, Ephraim will have one portion. 48:6 Next to the border of Ephraim from the east side to the west, Reuben will have one portion. 48:7 Next to the border of Reuben from the east side to the west, Judah 368 will have one portion.
48:8 “Next to the border of Judah from the east side to the west will be the allotment you must set apart. It is to be eight and a quarter miles 369 wide, and the same length as one of the tribal portions, from the east side to the west; the sanctuary will be in the middle of it. 48:9 The allotment you set apart to the Lord will be eight and a quarter miles 370 in length and three and one-third miles 371 in width. 48:10 These will be the allotments for the holy portion: for the priests, toward the north eight and a quarter miles 372 in length, toward the west three and one-third miles 373 in width, toward the east three and one-third miles 374 in width, and toward the south eight and a quarter miles 375 in length; the sanctuary of the Lord will be in the middle. 48:11 This will be for the priests who are set apart from the descendants of Zadok who kept my charge and did not go astray when the people of Israel strayed off, like the Levites did. 376 48:12 It will be their portion from the allotment of the land, a most holy place, next to the border of the Levites.
48:13 “Alongside the border of the priests, the Levites will have an allotment eight and a quarter miles 377 in length and three and one-third miles 378 in width. The whole length will be eight and a quarter miles 379 and the width three and one-third miles. 380 48:14 They must not sell or exchange any of it; they must not transfer this choice portion of land, for it is set apart 381 to the Lord.
48:15 “The remainder, one and two-thirds miles 382 in width and eight and a quarter miles 383 in length, will be for common use by the city, for houses and for open space. The city will be in the middle of it; 48:16 these will be its measurements: The north side will be one and one-half miles, 384 the south side one and one-half miles, the east side one and one-half miles, and the west side one and one-half miles. 48:17 The city will have open spaces: On the north there will be 437½ feet, 385 on the south 437½ feet, on the east 437½ feet, and on the west 437½ feet. 48:18 The remainder of the length alongside the holy allotment will be three and one-third miles 386 to the east and three and one-third miles toward the west, and it will be beside the holy allotment. Its produce will be for food for the workers of the city. 48:19 The workers of the city from all the tribes of Israel will cultivate it. 48:20 The whole allotment will be eight and a quarter miles 387 square, you must set apart the holy allotment with the possession of the city.
48:21 “The rest, on both sides of the holy allotment and the property of the city, will belong to the prince. Extending from the eight and a quarter miles 388 of the holy allotment to the east border, and westward from the eight and a quarter miles 389 to the west border, alongside the portions, it will belong to the prince. The holy allotment and the sanctuary of the temple will be in the middle of it. 48:22 The property of the Levites and of the city will be in the middle of that which belongs to the prince. The portion between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin will be for the prince.
48:23 “As for the rest of the tribes: From the east side to the west side, Benjamin will have one portion. 48:24 Next to the border of Benjamin, from the east side to the west side, Simeon will have one portion. 48:25 Next to the border of Simeon, from the east side to the west side, Issachar will have one portion. 48:26 Next to the border of Issachar, from the east side to the west side, Zebulun will have one portion. 48:27 Next to the border of Zebulun, from the east side to the west side, Gad will have one portion. 48:28 Next to the border of Gad, at the south side, the border will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribath Kadesh, to the Stream of Egypt 390 and on to the Great Sea. 48:29 This is the land which you will allot to the tribes of Israel, and these are their portions, declares the sovereign Lord.
48:30 “These are the exits of the city: On the north side, one and one-half miles 391 by measure, 48:31 the gates of the city 392 will be named for the tribes of Israel; there will be three gates to the north: one gate for Reuben, one gate for Judah, and one gate for Levi. 48:32 On the east side, one and one-half miles in length, there will be three gates: one gate for Joseph, one gate for Benjamin, and one gate for Dan. 48:33 On the south side, one and one-half miles by measure, there will be three gates: one gate for Simeon, one gate for Issachar, and one gate for Zebulun. 48:34 On the west side, one and one-half miles in length, there will be three gates: one gate for Gad, one gate for Asher, and one gate for Naphtali. 48:35 The circumference of the city will be six miles. 393 The name of the city from that day forward will be: ‘The Lord Is There.’” 394
Hosea 3:5
Konteks3:5 Afterward, the Israelites will turn and seek the Lord their God and their Davidic king. 395 Then they will submit to the Lord in fear and receive his blessings 396 in the future. 397
Yoel 3:16-21
Konteks3:16 The Lord roars from Zion;
from Jerusalem 398 his voice bellows out. 399
The heavens 400 and the earth shake.
But the Lord is a refuge for his people;
he is a stronghold for the citizens 401 of Israel.
3:17 You will be convinced 402 that I the Lord am your God,
dwelling on Zion, my holy mountain.
Jerusalem 403 will be holy –
conquering armies 404 will no longer pass through it.
3:18 On that day 405 the mountains will drip with sweet wine, 406
and the hills will flow with milk. 407
All the dry stream beds 408 of Judah will flow with water.
A spring will flow out from the temple 409 of the Lord,
watering the Valley of Acacia Trees. 410
3:19 Egypt will be desolate
and Edom will be a desolate wilderness,
because of the violence they did to the people of Judah, 411
in whose land they shed innocent blood.
3:20 But Judah will reside securely forever,
and Jerusalem will be secure 412 from one generation to the next.
3:21 I will avenge 413 their blood which I had not previously acquitted.
It is the Lord who dwells in Zion!
Amos 9:14-15
Konteks9:14 I will bring back my people, Israel; 414
they will rebuild the cities lying in rubble 415 and settle down. 416
They will plant vineyards and drink the wine they produce; 417
they will grow orchards 418 and eat the fruit they produce. 419
9:15 I will plant them on their land
and they will never again be uprooted from the 420 land I have given them,”
says the Lord your God.
Mikha 7:15-20
Konteks7:15 “As in the days when you departed from the land of Egypt,
I will show you 421 miraculous deeds.” 422
7:16 Nations will see this and be disappointed by 423 all their strength,
they will put their hands over their mouths,
and act as if they were deaf. 424
7:17 They will lick the dust like a snake,
like serpents crawling on the ground. 425
They will come trembling from their strongholds
to the Lord our God; 426
they will be terrified 427 of you. 428
7:18 There is no other God like you! 429
You 430 forgive sin
and pardon 431 the rebellion
of those who remain among your people. 432
You do not remain angry forever, 433
but delight in showing loyal love.
7:19 You will once again 434 have mercy on us;
you will conquer 435 our evil deeds;
you will hurl our 436 sins into the depths of the sea. 437
7:20 You will be loyal to Jacob
and extend your loyal love to Abraham, 438
which you promised on oath to our ancestors 439
in ancient times. 440
Zefanya 3:12-20
Konteks3:12 I will leave in your midst a humble and meek group of people, 441
and they will find safety in the Lord’s presence. 442
3:13 The Israelites who remain 443 will not act deceitfully.
They will not lie,
and a deceitful tongue will not be found in their mouth.
Indeed, they will graze peacefully like sheep 444 and lie down;
no one will terrify them.”
3:14 Shout for joy, Daughter Zion! 445
Shout out, Israel!
Be happy and boast with all your heart, Daughter Jerusalem!
3:15 The Lord has removed the judgment against you; 446
he has turned back your enemy.
Israel’s king, the Lord, is in your midst!
You no longer need to fear disaster.
3:16 On that day they will say 447 to Jerusalem,
“Don’t be afraid, Zion!
Your hands must not be paralyzed from panic! 448
3:17 The Lord your God is in your midst;
he is a warrior who can deliver.
He takes great delight in you; 449
he renews you by his love; 450
he shouts for joy over you.” 451
3:18 “As for those who grieve because they cannot attend the festivals –
I took them away from you;
they became tribute and were a source of shame to you. 452
3:19 Look, at that time I will deal with those who mistreated you.
I will rescue the lame sheep 453
and gather together the scattered sheep.
I will take away their humiliation
and make the whole earth admire and respect them. 454
3:20 At that time I will lead you –
at the time I gather you together. 455
Be sure of this! 456 I will make all the nations of the earth respect and admire you 457
when you see me restore you,” 458 says the Lord.
Zakharia 10:6-12
Konteks10:6 “I (says the Lord) will strengthen the kingdom 459 of Judah and deliver the people of Joseph 460 and will bring them back 461 because of my compassion for them. They will be as though I had never rejected them, for I am the Lord their God and therefore I will hear them. 10:7 The Ephraimites will be like warriors and will rejoice as if they had drunk wine. Their children will see it and rejoice; they will celebrate in the things of the Lord. 10:8 I will signal for them and gather them, for I have already redeemed them; then they will become as numerous as they were before. 10:9 Though I scatter 462 them among the nations, they will remember in far-off places – they and their children will sprout forth and return. 10:10 I will bring them back from Egypt and gather them from Assyria. 463 I will bring them to the lands of Gilead and Lebanon, for there will not be enough room for them in their own land. 10:11 The Lord 464 will cross the sea of storms and will calm its turbulence. The depths of the Nile will dry up, the pride of Assyria will be humbled, and the domination 465 of Egypt will be no more. 10:12 Thus I will strengthen them by my power, 466 and they will walk about 467 in my name,” says the Lord.
[11:11] 1 tn Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
[11:11] 2 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).
[11:11] 3 tc The Hebrew text reads, “the sovereign master will again, a second time, his hand.” The auxiliary verb יוֹסִיף (yosif), which literally means “add,” needs a main verb to complete it. Consequently many emend שֵׁנִית (shenit, “a second time”) to an infinitive. Some propose the form שַׁנֹּת (shannot, a Piel infinitive construct from שָׁנָה, shanah) and relate it semantically to an Arabic cognate meaning “to be high.” If the Hebrew text is retained a verb must be supplied. “Second time” would allude back to the events of the Exodus (see vv. 15-16).
[11:11] 4 tn Or “acquire”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “recover.”
[11:11] 5 tn Heb “the remnant of his people who remain.”
[11:11] 6 sn Perhaps a reference to Upper (i.e., southern) Egypt (so NIV, NLT; NCV “South Egypt”).
[11:11] 7 tn Or “Ethiopia” (NAB, NRSV, NLT).
[11:11] 8 tn Or “Babylonia” (NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
[11:11] 9 tn Or perhaps, “the islands of the sea.”
[11:12] 10 tn Or “the banished of Israel,” i.e., the exiles.
[11:13] 11 tn Heb “turn aside”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “depart.”
[11:13] 12 tn Heb “hostile ones of Judah.” Elsewhere when the substantival participle of צָרָר (tsarar) takes a pronominal suffix or appears in a construct relationship, the following genitive is objective. (For a list of texts see BDB 865 s.v. III צָרַר) In this case the phrase “hostile ones of Judah” means “those who are hostile toward Judah,” i.e., Judah’s enemies. However, the parallel couplet that follows suggests that Judah’s hostility toward Ephraim is in view. In this case “hostile ones of Judah” means “hostile ones from Judah.” The translation above assumes the latter, giving the immediate context priority over general usage.
[11:14] 13 tn Heb “fly.” Ephraim/Judah are compared to a bird of prey.
[11:14] 14 tn Heb “on the shoulder of Philistia toward the sea.” This refers to the slopes of the hill country west of Judah. See HALOT 506 s.v. כָּתֵף.
[11:14] 15 tn Heb “Edom and Moab [will be the place of] the outstretching of their hand,” i.e., included in their area of jurisdiction (see HALOT 648 s.v. ח(וֹ)מִשְׁלֹ).
[11:15] 16 tn The verb is usually understood as “put under the ban, destroy,” or emended to חָרָב (kharav, “dry up”). However, HALOT 354 s.v. II חרם proposes a homonymic root meaning “divide.”
[11:15] 17 tn Heb “tongue” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).
[11:15] 18 sn That is, the Red Sea.
[11:15] 19 tn Heb “the river”; capitalized in some English versions (e.g., ASV, NASB, NRSV) as a reference to the Euphrates River.
[11:15] 20 tn Heb “with the [?] of his wind” [or “breath”]. The Hebrew term עַיָם (’ayam) occurs only here. Some attempt to relate the word to an Arabic root and translate, “scorching [or “hot”] wind.” This interpretation fits especially well if one reads “dry up” in the previous line. Others prefer to emend the form to עֹצֶם (’otsem, “strong”). See HALOT 817 s.v. עֲצַם.
[11:15] 21 tn Heb “seven streams.” The Hebrew term נַחַל (nakhal, “stream”) refers to a wadi, or seasonal stream, which runs during the rainy season, but is otherwise dry. The context (see v. 15b) here favors the translation, “dried up streams.” The number seven suggests totality and completeness. Here it indicates that God’s provision for escape will be thorough and more than capable of accommodating the returning exiles.
[11:16] 22 tn Heb “and there will be a highway for the remnant of his people who remain, from Assyria.”
[11:16] 23 tn Heb “in the day” (so KJV).
[45:17] 24 tn Heb “Israel will be delivered by the Lord [with] a permanent deliverance.”
[45:17] 25 tn Heb “you will not be ashamed and you will not be humiliated for ages of future time.”
[54:6] 26 tn Heb “like a woman abandoned and grieved in spirit.”
[54:7] 27 tn Or “forsook” (NASB).
[54:8] 28 tn According to BDB 1009 s.v. שֶׁטֶף the noun שֶׁצֶף here is an alternate form of שֶׁטֶף (shetef, “flood”). Some relate the word to an alleged Akkadian cognate meaning “strength.”
[54:8] 29 tn Heb “I hid my face from you.”
[54:8] 30 tn Or “redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.
[54:9] 31 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “For [or “indeed”] the waters of Noah [is] this to me.” כִּי־מֵי (ki-me, “for the waters of”) should be emended to כְּמֵי (kÿmey, “like the days of”), which is supported by the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa and all the ancient versions except LXX.
[54:9] 32 tn Heb “the waters of Noah” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).
[54:10] 33 tn Heb “peace” (so many English versions); NLT “of blessing.”
[3:17] 34 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[3:17] 35 tn Heb “will gather to the name of the
[3:17] 36 tn Heb “the stubbornness of their evil hearts.”
[3:18] 37 tn Heb “In those days.”
[3:18] 38 tn Heb “the house of Judah will walk together with the house of Israel.”
[3:18] 39 tn Heb “the land that I gave your [fore]fathers as an inheritance.”
[3:19] 40 tn Heb “I, myself, said.” See note on “I thought that she might come back to me” in 3:7.
[3:19] 41 tn Heb “How I would place you among the sons.” Israel appears to be addressed here contextually as the
[3:19] sn The imagery here appears to be that of treating the wife as an equal heir with the sons and of giving her the best piece of property.
[3:19] 42 tn The words “What a joy it would be for me to” are not in the Hebrew text but are implied in the parallel structure.
[3:19] 43 tn Heb “the most beautiful heritage among the nations.”
[3:19] 45 tn Heb “turn back from [following] after me.”
[3:20] 46 tn Heb “house of Israel.”
[3:20] 47 tn Heb “a wife unfaithful from her husband.”
[3:21] 48 tn Heb “A sound is heard on the hilltops, the weeping of the supplication of the children of Israel because [or indeed] they have perverted their way.” At issue here is whether the supplication is made to Yahweh in repentance because of what they have done or whether it is supplication to the pagan gods which is evidence of their perverted ways. The reference in this verse to the hilltops where idolatry was practiced according to 3:2 and the reference to Israel’s unfaithfulness in the preceding verse make the latter more likely. For the asseverative use of the Hebrew particle (here rendered “indeed”) where the particle retains some of the explicative nuance; cf. BDB 472-73 s.v. כִּי 1.e and 3.c.
[3:21] 49 tn Heb “have forgotten the
[3:22] 50 tn Or “I will forgive your apostasies.” Heb “I will [or want to] heal your apostasies.” For the use of the verb “heal” (רָפָא, rafa’) to refer to spiritual healing and forgiveness see Hos 14:4.
[3:22] 51 tn Or “They say.” There is an obvious ellipsis of a verb of saying here since the preceding words are those of the
[3:23] 52 tn Heb “Truly in vain from the hills the noise/commotion [and from] the mountains.” The syntax of the Hebrew sentence is very elliptical here.
[3:23] 53 tn Heb “Truly in the
[30:17] 54 tn Again the particle כִּי (ki) appears to be intensive rather than causal. Compare the translator’s note on v. 12. It is possible that it has an adversative sense as an implicit contrast with v. 13 which expresses these concepts in the negative (cf. BDB 474 s.v. כִּי 3.e for this use in statements which are contextually closer to one another).
[30:17] 55 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[30:18] 56 tn Heb “I will restore the fortunes of the tents of Jacob and will have compassion on his habitations.” For the meaning of the idiom “restore the fortunes of” see the translator’s note on 29:14. The “tents of Jacob” refers to their homes or houses (see BDB 14 s.v. אֹהֶל 2 and compare usage in Judg 19:9; Mal 2:12). The word “ruined” has been supplied in the translation to show more clearly the idea of restoration of their houses on their former sites in conformity to the concepts in the latter half of the verse.
[30:18] 57 sn Heb “on its tel.” A tel is a site where successive layers of occupation are built upon one another after the destruction or decay of the former city. The original site was not abandoned because it had been chosen for strategic purposes, such as proximity to water or ease of defense. Many modern archaeological sites have the designation “Tel” as a component of their name because of this practice.
[30:18] 58 tn Heb “according to its custom [or plan].” Cf. BDB 1049 s.v. מִשְׁפָּט 6.d and compare usage in 1 Sam 27:11.
[30:19] 59 tn Heb “Out of them will come thanksgiving and a sound of those who are playful.”
[30:19] 60 sn Compare Jer 29:6.
[30:20] 61 tn Heb “his children will be as in former times and his congregation/community will be established before me.” “His children” refers to “Jacob” who has been referred to in v. 18 in the phrase “I will restore the fortunes of the tents of Jacob.” “His children” are thus the restored exiles. Some commentaries see the reference here to the restoration of numbers in accordance with the previous verse. However, the last line of this verse and the reference to the ruler in the following verse suggests rather restoration of the religious and political institutions to their former state. For the use of the word translated “community” (עֵדָה, ’edah) to refer to a political congregation as well as its normal use to refer to a religious one see 1 Kgs 12:20. For the idea of “in my favor” (i.e., under the eye and regard of) for the Hebrew phrase used here (לְפָנַי, lÿfanay) see BDB 817 s.v. פָּנֶה II.4.a(b).
[30:21] 62 sn The statement their ruler will come from their own number accords with the regulation in Deut 17:15. They would not be ruled by a foreign leader but by one of their own people. In v. 9 he is specifically said to come from the Davidic line. See the study note there.
[30:21] 63 sn Ordinarily this prerogative was confined to the priests and the Levites and even then under strict regulations (cf., e.g., Num 8:19; 16:10; Lev 16:10; 21:17; 22:3). Uzziah king of Judah violated this and suffered leprosy for having done so (2 Chr 26:16-20). It is clear, however, that both David and Solomon on occasion exercised priestly functions in the presence of the ark or the altar which it was normally lawful for only the priests to approach (cf., e.g., 2 Sam 6:13-14; 1 Kgs 8:22, 54-55). Here reference is probably not to the normal prerogatives of offering sacrifice or burning incense but access to God’s special presence at special times for the purpose of consultation.
[30:21] 64 tn Heb “For who is he who would pledge his heart to draw near to me.” The question is a rhetorical one expecting the answer “no one” and is a way of expressing an emphatic negative (see BDB 566 s.v. מִי f[c]). The concept of “pledging” something refers to putting up security in guarantee of payment. Here the word is used figuratively of “putting up one’s heart [i.e., his very being (cf. BDB 524 s.v. לֵב 7 and Ps 22:26)]” for the privilege of access to God. The rhetorical question denies that any one would do that if he were not bidden by God to do so.
[30:21] 65 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[30:22] 66 sn This was their highest privilege (cf. Exod 6:7, Lev 26:12; Jer 24:7) but also their greatest responsibility (cf. Jer 7:3; 11:4). It is a formula referring to a covenant relationship in which God pledges to protect, provide, and be present with his people and they in turn promise to be loyal and obedient to him (see Deut 26:17-18; 29:10-13).
[31:31] 67 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[31:31] 68 tn Or “a renewed covenant” (also in vv. 22-23).
[31:31] 69 tn Heb “the house of Israel and the house of Judah.”
[31:32] 70 tn The word “old” is not in the text but is implicit in the use of the word “new.” It is supplied in the translation for greater clarity.
[31:32] sn This refers to the Mosaic covenant which the nation entered into with God at Sinai and renewed on the plains of Moab. The primary biblical passages explicating this covenant are Exod 19–24 and the book of Deuteronomy; see as well the study note on Jer 11:2 for the form this covenant took and its relation to the warnings of the prophets. The renewed document of Deuteronomy was written down and provisions made for periodic public reading and renewal of commitment to it (Deut 31:9-13). Josiah had done this after the discovery of the book of the law (which was either Deuteronomy or a synopsis of it) early in the ministry of Jeremiah (2 Kgs 23:1-4; the date would be near 622
[31:32] 72 tn Heb “when I took them by the hand and led them out.”
[31:32] 73 tn Or “I was their master.” See the study note on 3:14.
[31:32] sn The metaphor of Yahweh as husband and Israel as wife has been used already in Jer 3 and is implicit in the repeated allusions to idolatry as spiritual adultery or prostitution. The best commentary on the faithfulness of God to his “husband-like” relation is seen in the book of Hosea, especially in Hos 1-3.
[31:32] 74 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[31:33] 75 tn Heb “with the house of Israel.” All commentators agree that the term here refers to both the whole nation which was divided into the house of Israel and the house of Judah in v. 30.
[31:33] 76 tn Heb “after those days.” Commentators are generally agreed that this refers to the return from exile and the repopulation of the land referred to in vv. 27-28 and not to something subsequent to the time mentioned in v. 30. This is the sequencing that is also presupposed in other new covenant passages such as Deut 30:1-6; Ezek 11:17-20; 36:24-28.
[31:33] 77 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[31:33] 78 tn Heb “‘But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after these days:’ says the
[31:33] 79 tn Heb “in their inward parts.” The Hebrew word here refers to the seat of the thoughts, emotions, and decisions (Jer 9:8 [9:7 HT]). It is essentially synonymous with “heart” in Hebrew psychological terms.
[31:33] 80 tn The words “and minds” is not in the text but is supplied in the translation to bring the English psychology more into line with the Hebrew where the “heart” is the center both of knowing/thinking/reflecting and deciding/willing.
[31:33] sn Two contexts are relevant for understanding this statement. First is the context of the first or old covenant which was characterized by a law written on stone tablets (e.g., Exod 32:15-16; 34:1, 28; Deut 4:13; 5:22; 9:10) or in a “book” or “scroll” (Deut 31:9-13) which could be lost (cf. 2 Kgs 22:8), forgotten (Hos 4:6), ignored (Jer 6:19; Amos 4:2), or altered (Jer 8:8). Second is the context of the repeated fault that Jeremiah has found with their stubborn (3:17; 7:24; 9:14; 11:8; 13:10; 16:12; 18:12; 23:17), uncircumcised (4:4; 9:26), and desperately wicked hearts (4:4; 17:9). Radical changes were necessary to get the people to obey the law from the heart and not just pay superficial or lip service to it (3:10; 12:2). Deut 30:1-6; Ezek 11:17-20; 36:24-28 speak of these radical changes. The
[31:33] 81 sn Compare Jer 24:7; 30:22; 31:1 and see the study note on 30:2.
[31:34] 82 tn Heb “teach…, saying, ‘Know the
[31:34] sn As mentioned in the translator’s note on 9:3 (9:2 HT) “knowing” God in covenant contexts like this involves more than just an awareness of who he is (9:23 [9:22 HT]). It involves an acknowledgment of his sovereignty and whole hearted commitment to obedience to him. This is perhaps best seen in the parallelisms in Hos 4:1; 6:6 where “the knowledge of God” is parallel with faithfulness and steadfast love and in the context of Hos 4 refers to obedience to the
[31:34] 83 sn This statement should be understood against the background of Jer 8:8-9 where class distinctions were drawn and certain people were considered to have more awareness and responsibility for knowing the law and also Jer 5:1-5 and 9:3-9 where the sinfulness of Israel was seen to be universal across these class distinctions and no trust was to be placed in friends, neighbors, or relatives because all without distinction had cast off God’s yoke (i.e., refused to submit themselves to his authority).
[31:34] 84 tn The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) that introduces this clause refers to more than just the preceding clause (i.e., that all will know the
[31:35] 85 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies.” See the study note on 2:19 for this title. In the Hebrew text the verse reads: “Thus says the
[31:36] 86 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[31:36] 87 tn Heb “‘If these fixed orderings were to fail to be present before me,’ oracle of the
[31:37] 88 sn This answers Jeremiah’s question in 14:19.
[31:37] 89 tn Heb “If the heavens above could be measured or the foundations of the earth below be explored, then also I could reject all the seed of Israel for all they have done.”
[31:37] 90 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[32:37] 91 tn The verb here should be interpreted as a future perfect; though some of the people have already been exiled (in 605 and 597
[32:38] 92 sn The covenant formula setting forth the basic relationship is reinstituted along with a new covenant (v. 40). See also 24:7; 30:22; 31:1 and the study note on 30:22.
[32:39] 93 tn Heb “I will give to them one heart and one way to [= in order that they may] fear me all the days for good to them.” The phrase “one heart” refers both to unanimity of will and accord (cf. 1 Chr 12:38 [12:39 HT]; 2 Chr 30:12) and to singleness of purpose or intent (cf. Ezek 11:19 and see BDB 525 s.v. ֵלב 4 where reference is made to “inclinations, resolutions, and determinations of the will”). The phrase “one way” refers to one way of life or conduct (cf. BDB 203 s.v. דֶּרֶךְ 6.a where reference is made to moral action and character), a way of life that is further qualified by the goal of showing “fear, reverence, respect” for the
[32:39] sn Other passages also speak about the “single-minded purpose” (Heb “one heart”) and “living in a way that shows respect for me.” Deut 30:6-8 speaks of a circumcised heart that will love him, obey him, and keep his commands. Ezek 11:20-21 speaks of the removal of a stony heart and the giving of a single-minded, “fleshy” heart and a new spirit that will follow his decrees and keep his laws. Ezek 36:26-27 speaks of the removal of a stony heart and the giving of a new, “fleshy” heart and a new spirit and an infusion of God’s own spirit so that they will be able to follow his decrees and keep his laws. Jer 24:7 speaks of the giving of a (new) heart so that they might “know” him. And Jer 31:33 speaks of God writing his law on their hearts. All this shows that there is a new motivation and a new enablement for fulfilling the old stipulations, especially that of whole-hearted devotion to him (cf. Deut 6:4-6).
[32:40] 94 tn Heb “an everlasting covenant.” For the rationale for the rendering “agreement” and the nature of the biblical covenants see the study note on 11:2.
[32:40] sn For other references to the lasting (or everlasting) nature of the new covenant see Isa 55:3; 61:8; Jer 50:5; Ezek 16:60; 37:26. The new covenant appears to be similar to the ancient Near Eastern covenants of grants whereby a great king gave a loyal vassal a grant of land or dynastic dominion over a realm in perpetuity in recognition of past loyalty. The right to such was perpetual as long as the great king exercised dominion, but the actual enjoyment could be forfeited by individual members of the vassal’s dynasty. The best example of such an covenant in the OT is the Davidic covenant where the dynasty was given perpetual right to rule over Israel. Individual kings might be disciplined and their right to enjoy dominion taken away, but the dynasty still maintained the right to rule (see 2 Sam 23:5; Ps 89:26-37 and note especially 1 Kgs 11:23-39). The new covenant appears to be the renewal of God’s promise to Abraham to always be the God of his descendants and for his descendants to be his special people (Gen 17:7) something they appear to have forfeited by their disobedience (see Hos 1:9). However, under the new covenant he promises to never stop doing them good and grants them a new heart, a new spirit, the infusion of his own spirit, and the love and reverence necessary to keep from turning away from him. The new covenant is not based on their past loyalty but on his gracious forgiveness and his gifts.
[32:40] 95 tn Or “stop being gracious to them” or “stop blessing them with good”; Heb “turn back from them to do good to them.”
[32:40] 96 tn Or “I will make them want to fear and respect me so much that”; Heb “I will put the fear of me in their hearts.” However, as has been noted several times, “heart” in Hebrew is more the center of the volition (and intellect) than the center of emotions as it is in English. Both translations are intended to reflect the difference in psychology.
[32:40] 97 tn The words “never again” are not in the text but are implicit from the context and are supplied not only by this translation but by a number of others.
[32:41] 98 tn Heb “will plant them in the land with faithfulness with all my heart and with all my soul.” The latter expressions are, of course, anthropomorphisms (see Deut 6:5).
[33:24] 99 tn Heb “Have you not seen what this people have said, saying.” The question is rhetorical and expects a positive answer. The sentence has been broken in two to better conform with contemporary English style.
[33:24] 100 tn Heb “The two families which the
[33:24] 101 tn Heb “and my people [i.e., Israel and Judah] they disdain [or look down on] from being again a nation before them.” The phrase “before them” refers to their estimation, their mental view (cf. BDB s.v. פָּנֶה II.4.a[g]). Hence it means they look with disdain on the people being a nation again (cf. BDB s.v. עוֹד 1.a[b] for the usage of עוֹד [’od] here).
[33:25] 102 tn Heb “Thus says the
[33:26] 103 tn The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) is probably intensive here as it has been on a number of occasions in the book of Jeremiah (see BDB 472 s.v. כִּי 1.e for the category).
[33:26] 104 tn Or “I will make them prosperous once again,” or “I will bring them back from captivity.”
[33:26] sn For the meaning of this idiom see the translator’s note on Jer 29:14 and compare the usage in 29:14; 30:3, 18; 31:23; 32:44; 33:7, 11. This has been the emphasis on this section which is called by some commentators “The Book of Consolation.” Jeremiah’s emphasis up until chapters 30-33 had been on judgment but he was also called to be the prophet of restoration (cf. Jer 1:10). Promises of restoration though rare up to this point have, however, occurred on occasion (see, e.g., Jer 3:18; 23:5-7; 24:6-7; 29:10-14).
[34:23] 105 sn The messianic king is here called “David” (see Jer 30:9 and Hos 3:5, as well as Isa 11:1 and Mic 5:2) because he will fulfill the Davidic royal ideal depicted in the prophets and royal psalms (see Ps 2, 89).
[34:24] 106 sn The messianic king (“David”) is called both “king” and “prince” in 37:24-25. The use of the term “prince” for this king facilitates the contrast between this ideal ruler and the Davidic “princes” denounced in earlier prophecies (see 7:27; 12:10, 12; 19:1; 21:25; 22:6, 25).
[34:25] 107 tn The phrase “live securely” occurs in Ezek 28:26; 38:8, 11, 14; 39:26 as an expression of freedom from fear. It is a promised blessing resulting from obedience (see Lev 26:5-6).
[34:25] 108 sn The woods were typically considered to be places of danger (Ps 104:20-21; Jer 5:6).
[34:26] 109 tn Heb “showers of blessing.” Abundant rain, which in turn produces fruit and crops (v. 27), is a covenantal blessing for obedience (Lev 26:4).
[34:29] 110 tc The MT reads לְשֵׁם (lÿshem, “for a name”), meaning perhaps a renowned planting (place). The translation takes this to be a metathesis of שָׁלֹם (shalom) as was read by the LXX.
[34:29] 111 tn Heb “those gathered” for famine.
[34:30] 112 sn A promise given to Abraham (Gen 15:7) and his descendants (Gen 15:8; Exod 6:7).
[34:30] 113 sn The blessings described in vv. 25-30 are those promised for obedience in Lev 26:4-13.
[34:31] 114 tn Heb, “the sheep of my pasture, you are human.” See 36:37-38 for a similar expression. The possessive pronoun “my” is supplied in the translation to balance “I am your God” in the next clause.
[37:22] 115 sn Jeremiah also attested to the reuniting of the northern and southern kingdoms (Jer 3:12, 14; 31:2-6).
[37:23] 116 tc Heb “their dwellings.” The text as it stands does not make sense. Based on the LXX, a slight emendation of two vowels, including a mater, yields the reading “from their turning,” a reference here to their turning from God and deviating from his commandments. See BDB 1000 s.v. מְשׁוּבָה, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:407.
[37:24] 117 tn Heb “walk [in].”
[37:24] 118 tn Heb “and my statutes they will guard and they will do them.”
[37:26] 119 sn See Isa 24:5; 55:3; 61:8; Jer 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60, for other references to perpetual covenants.
[37:26] 120 tn Heb “give them.”
[37:28] 121 sn The sanctuary of Israel becomes the main focus of Ezek 40-48.
[39:25] 122 tn Heb “cause to return.”
[39:28] 123 tn Heb “there,” referring to the foreign nations to which they were exiled. The translation makes the referent clear.
[39:29] 124 sn See Ezek 11:19; 37:14.
[40:1] 125 sn That is, Jerusalem.
[40:1] 126 tn April 19, 573
[40:1] sn Hand in the OT can refer metaphorically to power, authority, or influence. In Ezekiel God’s hand being on the prophet is regularly associated with communication or a vision from God (3:14, 22; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1).
[40:1] 128 sn That is, to the land of Israel (see v. 2).
[40:2] 129 tn The expression introduces the three major visions of Ezekiel (1:1; 8:3; 40:2).
[40:2] 130 tn The reference to a very high mountain is harmonious with Isa 2:2.
[40:3] 131 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:4] 132 tn Heb “look with your eyes, hear with your ears, and set your mind on.”
[40:4] 133 tn Heb “in order to show (it) to you.”
[40:5] 134 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:5] 136 tn Heb “a measuring stick of six cubits, [each] a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Therefore the measuring stick in the man’s hand was 10.5 feet (3.15 meters) long. Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.
[40:5] 138 tn Heb “one rod [or “reed”]” (also a second time in this verse, twice in v. 6, three times in v. 7, and once in v. 8).
[40:6] 139 tn The Hebrew text adds “the one threshold 10½ feet deep.” This is probably an accidental duplication of what precedes. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:517.
[40:7] 140 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters) according to the “long” cubit. See the note on the first occurrence of the phrase “10½ feet” in v. 5.
[40:9] 141 tn Heb “eight cubits” (i.e., 4.2 meters).
[40:9] 142 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[40:10] 143 sn The three alcoves are parallel to the city gates found at Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer.
[40:11] 144 tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).
[40:11] 145 tn Heb “thirteen cubits” (i.e., 6.825 meters).
[40:12] 146 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[40:12] 147 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[40:13] 148 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:14] 150 tc The MT reads “jambs” which does not make sense in context. Supposing a confusion of yod for vav, the text may be emended to read “porch.” See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:518.
[40:14] 151 tn Heb “sixty cubits” (i.e., 31.5 meters).
[40:14] 152 tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied for sense.
[40:15] 153 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:16] 154 sn Decorative palm trees were also a part of Solomon’s temple (1 Kgs 6:29, 32, 35).
[40:17] 155 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:19] 156 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[40:21] 157 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:21] 158 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:23] 159 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[40:24] 160 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:25] 161 tn Heb “as these windows.”
[40:25] 162 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:25] 163 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:27] 164 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[40:29] 165 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:29] 166 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:30] 167 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:30] 168 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[40:33] 169 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:33] 170 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:36] 171 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:36] 172 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:37] 173 tc The LXX reads “porches.”
[40:38] 174 tc The MT reads “jambs of the gates” which does not make sense in a context discussing one chamber. The emendation to “porch” is similar to v. 14. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:530.
[40:42] 175 tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).
[40:42] 176 tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).
[40:42] 177 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[40:43] 178 tc This reading is supported by the Aramaic Targum. The LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac read “shelves” or some type of projection.
[40:43] 179 tn Heb “one handbreadth” (7.5 cm).
[40:44] 180 tn “One” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied for clarity in the translation.
[40:44] 181 tc This reading is supported by the LXX; the MT reads “east.”
[40:45] 182 tn Heb “the house.”
[40:47] 183 tn Heb “one hundred cubits long and one hundred cubits wide, a square” (i.e., 52.5 meters by 52.5 meters).
[40:48] 184 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[40:48] 185 tn The LXX reads “fourteen cubits” (i.e., 7.35 meters). See following note.
[40:48] 186 tc The translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “the width of the gate was three cubits,” the omission due to haplography.
[40:48] tn Or “sidewalls.”
[40:48] 187 tn Heb “three cubits” (i.e., 1.575 meters).
[40:49] 188 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[40:49] 189 tn Heb “eleven cubits” (i.e., 5.775 meters).
[40:49] 190 tc The LXX reads “ten steps.”
[41:1] 191 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:2] 192 tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).
[41:2] 193 tc The translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “the width of the gate was three cubits,” the omission due to haplography.
[41:2] tn Or “sidewalls.”
[41:2] 194 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:2] 195 tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).
[41:2] 196 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:3] 197 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[41:3] 198 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:3] 199 tn Heb “seven cubits” (i.e., 3.675 meters).
[41:4] 200 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:4] 201 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:5] 202 tn Heb “house” throughout Ezek 41.
[41:5] 203 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:5] 204 tn Heb “four cubits” (2.1 meters).
[41:7] 205 tc The Hebrew is difficult here. The Targum envisions a winding ramp or set of stairs, which entails reading the first word as a noun rather than a verb and reading the second word also not as a verb, supposing that an initial mem has been read as vav and nun. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:549.
[41:7] 206 tn The Hebrew term occurs only here in the OT.
[41:8] 208 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:9] 209 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:10] 210 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:11] 211 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:12] 212 tn Heb “seventy cubits” (36.75 meters).
[41:12] 213 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:12] 214 tn Heb “ninety cubits” (i.e., 47.25 meters).
[41:13] 215 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:13] 216 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:14] 217 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:15] 218 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:15] 219 tc Some Hebrew
[41:17] 220 tc The LXX does not have the word “by measurements.” The word may be a technical term referring to carpentry technique, the exact meaning of which is unclear.
[41:22] 221 tn Heb “three cubits” (i.e., 1.575 meters).
[41:22] 222 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[41:22] 223 tc So the Masoretic text. The LXX reads “base.”
[41:24] 224 tn Heb “turning” leaves.
[41:25] 225 tn Or “railings.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:218.
[42:2] 226 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[42:2] 227 tn Heb “the door of the north.”
[42:2] 228 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[42:3] 229 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[42:4] 230 tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).
[42:4] 231 tc Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm). The LXX and the Syriac read “one hundred cubits” (= 175 feet).
[42:6] 232 tn The phrase “upper chambers” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied from the context.
[42:7] 233 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[42:8] 234 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[42:8] 235 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[42:10] 236 tc The reading is supported by the LXX.
[42:10] 237 tc This reading is supported by the LXX; the MT reads “east.”
[42:12] 238 tc The MT apparently evidences dittography, repeating most of the last word of the previous verse: “and like the openings of.”
[42:13] 239 sn The priests are from the Zadokite family (Ezek 40:6; 44:15).
[42:16] 240 tn Heb “reed” (also in the following verses).
[42:16] 241 tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters).
[43:2] 242 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[43:2] 243 sn This same title appears in 8:4; 9:3; 10:19; and 11:22.
[43:2] 244 sn Earlier Ezekiel had observed God leaving the temple to the east (11:23).
[43:2] 245 sn See Ezek 1:24; Rev 1:15; 14:2; 19:6.
[43:2] 246 tn Heb “shone from.”
[43:3] 247 tc Heb “I.” The reading is due to the confusion of yod (י, indicating a first person pronoun) and vav (ו, indicating a third person pronoun). A few medieval Hebrew
[43:5] 248 tn See note on “wind” in 2:2.
[43:5] 249 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[43:5] 250 sn In 1 Kgs 8:10-11 we find a similar event with regard to Solomon’s temple. See also Exod 40:34-35. and Isa 6:4.
[43:7] 251 sn God’s throne is mentioned in Isa 6:1; Jer 3:17.
[43:7] 252 sn See 1 Chr 28:2; Ps 99:5; 132:7; Isa 60:13; Lam 2:1.
[43:7] 253 tn Heb “by their corpses in their death.” But the term normally translated “corpses” is better understood here as a reference to funeral pillars or funerary offerings. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:583-85, and L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:257.
[43:13] 254 tn Heb “the measurements of the altar by cubits, the cubit being a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes. On the altar see Ezek 40:47.
[43:13] 255 tn The Hebrew term normally means “bosom.” Here it refers to a hollow in the ground.
[43:13] 256 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:13] 257 tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for clarity.
[43:13] 258 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:13] 259 tn Heb “one span.” A span was three handbreadths, or about nine inches (i.e., 22.5 cm).
[43:13] 260 tc Heb “bulge, protuberance, mound.” The translation follows the LXX.
[43:14] 261 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[43:14] 262 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm; the phrase occurs again later in this verse).
[43:14] 263 tn Heb “four cubits” (i.e., 2.1 meters; the phrase also occurs in the next verse).
[43:16] 264 tn The precise Hebrew word used here to refer to an “altar hearth” occurs only here in the OT.
[43:16] 265 tn Heb “twelve cubits” (i.e., 6.3 meters; the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
[43:17] 266 tn Heb “fourteen”; the word “cubits” is not in the Hebrew text but is understood from the context; the phrase occurs again later in this verse. Fourteen cubits is about 7.35 meters.
[43:17] 267 tn Heb “half a cubit” (i.e., 26.25 cm).
[43:17] 268 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:18] 269 sn For the “sprinkling of blood,” see Lev 1:5, 11; 8:19; 9:12.
[43:20] 270 sn Note the similar language in Lev 16:18.
[43:24] 271 sn It is likely that salt was used with sacrificial meals (Num 18:19; 2 Chr 13:5).
[43:26] 272 tn Heb “fill its hands.”
[43:27] 273 tn Heb “and they will complete the days.”
[43:27] 274 sn The people also could partake of the food of the peace offering (Lev 3).
[44:3] 275 tn Heb “to eat bread.”
[44:4] 276 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[44:5] 277 tn Heb “set your heart” (so also in the latter part of the verse).
[44:5] 278 tn Heb “Set your mind, look with your eyes, and with your ears hear.”
[44:5] 279 tc The Syriac, Vulgate, and Targum read the plural. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:618.
[44:6] 280 tc The LXX reads “house of rebellion.”
[44:7] 281 tn Heb “to desecrate.”
[44:7] 282 tc The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read “you.” The Masoretic text reads “they.”
[44:8] 283 tc Instead of an energic nun (ן), the text may have read a third masculine plural suffix ם (mem), “them,” which was confused with ן (nun) in the old script. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:621.
[44:8] tn This word is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied from the context.
[44:9] 284 sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.
[44:10] 285 tn Heb “will bear.”
[44:12] 286 tn Heb “a stumbling block of iniquity.” This is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (cf. also Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30).
[44:12] 287 tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”
[44:12] 288 tn Heb “will bear.”
[44:15] 289 sn Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chr 6:50-53), who served as a priest during David’s reign (2 Sam 8:17).
[44:19] 290 sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.
[44:20] 291 sn The shaving of the head was associated with mourning (Ezek 7:18).
[44:20] 292 sn Letting the hair grow was associated with the taking of a vow (Num 6:5; Acts 21:23-26).
[44:22] 293 tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”
[44:23] 294 sn This task was a fundamental role of the priest (Lev 10:10).
[44:24] 295 sn For a historical illustration of the priest carrying out this function, see 2 Chr 19:9-11.
[44:24] 296 tn Heb “sanctify, set apart.”
[44:25] 297 sn This law was part of the legal code for priests (Lev 21:1-3).
[44:26] 298 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[44:26] 299 tc One medieval Hebrew
[44:28] 300 sn See Num 18:20; Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; 18:7.
[44:30] 301 tn Heb has in addition “from your contributions,” a repetition unnecessary in English.
[44:31] 302 tn The words “by a wild animal” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation as a clarification of the circumstances.
[44:31] sn For this law, see Lev 7:24; 17:15.
[45:1] 303 tn Heb “a contribution.”
[45:1] 304 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers). The measuring units here are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard miles (one mile = 5,280 feet), with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.
[45:1] 305 tc The LXX reads “twenty thousand cubits.”
[45:1] tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:1] 306 tn Heb “holy it is in all its territory round about.”
[45:2] 307 tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters); the phrase occurs twice in this verse.
[45:2] 308 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[45:3] 309 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:3] 310 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:4] 311 tc The LXX apparently understood “open land” instead of “sanctuary.”
[45:5] 312 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:5] 313 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:5] 314 tc The translation follows the LXX here. The MT reads “twenty.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:246.
[45:6] 315 tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).
[45:6] 316 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:9] 317 sn Evictions of the less fortunate by the powerful are described in 1 Kgs 21:1-16; Jer 22:1-5, 13-17; Ezek 22:25.
[45:10] 318 sn Previous legislation regarding this practice may be found in Lev 19:35-36; Deut 25:13-16; Mic 6:10-12.
[45:10] 319 tn Heb “ephah,” which was 1/2 bushel.
[45:10] 320 tn Heb “bath,” a liquid measure, was 5 1/2 gallons.
[45:11] 321 sn The homer was about 5 bushels as a dry measure and 55 gallons as a liquid measure.
[45:12] 322 tn Heb “twenty shekels, twenty-five shekels, fifteen shekels.”
[45:24] 324 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[45:24] 325 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[45:25] 326 sn That is, the Feast of Temporary Shelters, traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles (Exod 23:16; 34:22; Deut 16:16).
[46:1] 327 sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).
[46:5] 328 tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”
[46:5] 329 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:6] 330 tn The phrase “he will offer” is not in the Hebrew text but is warranted from the context.
[46:7] 331 tn Heb “with the lambs as his hand can reach.”
[46:7] 332 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:7] 333 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[46:11] 334 tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”
[46:11] 335 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:11] 336 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[46:12] 337 tn Heb “he shall shut the gate after he goes out.”
[46:13] 338 tc A few Hebrew
[46:14] 339 tc Two medieval Hebrew
[46:14] 340 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:16] 341 tn The Hebrew text has no preposition; the LXX reads “from” (see v. 17).
[46:17] 342 sn That is, the year of Jubilee (Lev 25:8-15).
[46:19] 343 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[46:21] 344 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[46:22] 345 tc The meaning of the Hebrew term is unclear. The LXX and Syriac render “small.”
[46:22] 346 tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).
[46:22] 347 tn Heb “thirty cubits” (i.e., 15.75 meters).
[47:1] 348 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:2] 349 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:3] 350 tn Heb “one thousand cubits” (i.e., 525 meters); this phrase occurs three times in the next two verses.
[47:7] 351 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:8] 352 tn Heb “the sea,” referring to the Dead Sea. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[47:8] 353 tn Heb “to the sea, those which are brought out.” The reading makes no sense. The text is best emended to read “filthy” (i.e., stagnant). See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:273.
[47:8] 354 tn Heb “the waters become healed.”
[47:9] 355 tn Heb “two rivers,” perhaps under the influence of Zech 14:8. The translation follows the LXX and other ancient versions in reading the singular, which is demanded by the context (see vv. 5-7, 9b, 12).
[47:9] 356 tn Heb “will be healed.”
[47:10] 357 sn The Great Sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea (also in vv. 15, 19, 20).
[47:12] 358 sn See Rev 22:1-2.
[47:13] 359 tc This translation follows the reading זֶה (zeh) instead of גֵּה (geh), a nonexistent word, as supported by the LXX.
[47:13] 360 tn Or “territory”; see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:715.
[47:13] 361 tc The grammar is awkward, though the presence of these words is supported by the versions. L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:274) suggests that it is an explanatory gloss.
[47:13] sn One portion for Ephraim, the other for Manasseh (Gen 48:17-20).
[47:14] 362 sn Gen 15:9-21.
[47:14] 363 tn Heb “will fall to you as an inheritance.”
[47:15] 364 sn The measurements resemble those in Num 34:1-2.
[47:19] 365 tn Or “valley.” The syntax is difficult. Some translate “to the river,” others “from the river”; in either case the preposition is supplied for the sake of English.
[47:22] 366 sn A similar attitude toward non-Israelites is found in Isa 56:3-8.
[48:2] 367 sn The tribes descended from Jacob’s maidservants are placed farthest from the sanctuary. See Gen 30.
[48:7] 368 sn The tribe from which the Davidic prince would come is given the most prestigious allotment (see Gen 49:8-12).
[48:8] 369 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:9] 370 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:9] 371 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:10] 372 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:10] 373 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:10] 374 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:10] 375 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:11] 376 tn Heb “strayed off.”
[48:13] 377 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:13] 378 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:13] 379 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:13] 380 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:15] 382 tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).
[48:15] 383 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:16] 384 tn Heb “four thousand five hundred cubits” (i.e., 2.36 kilometers); the phrase occurs three more times in this verse.
[48:17] 385 tn Heb “two hundred fifty cubits” (i.e., 131.25 meters); the phrase occurs three more times in this verse.
[48:18] 386 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers); the phrase occurs again later in this verse.
[48:20] 387 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:21] 388 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:21] 389 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:28] 390 tn Traditionally “the Brook of Egypt,” although a number of recent translations have “the Wadi of Egypt” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV). The word “Egypt” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.
[48:30] 391 tn Heb “four thousand five hundred cubits” (i.e., 2.36 kilometers); the phrase occurs again in vv. 32-34.
[48:31] 392 sn See Rev 21:12-14.
[48:35] 393 tn Heb “eighteen thousand cubits” (i.e., 9.45 kilometers).
[48:35] 394 sn See Rev 21:12-21.
[3:5] 395 tn Heb “David their king”; cf. NCV “the king from David’s family”; TEV “a descendant of David their king”; NLT “David’s descendant, their king.”
[3:5] sn It is not clear whether Hosea was predicting a restoration of Davidic kingship over Israel and Judah (e.g., Jer 17:25; 22:2) or referring to the ultimate Davidic king, namely, the Messiah, who will fulfill the conditions of the Davidic covenant and inaugurate/fulfill the blessings of the Davidic covenant for Israel. The Messiah is frequently pictured as the “New David” because he would fulfill the ideals of the Davidic covenant and be everything that David and his descendants were commissioned to be (e.g., Isa 9:7[6]; 16:5; Jer 23:5-6; 30:9; 33:15-16; Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-25).
[3:5] 396 tn Heb “his goodness”; NLT “his good gifts.”
[3:5] 397 tn Heb “in the end of the days.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NLT “in the last days.”
[3:16] 398 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[3:16] 399 tn Heb “he sounds forth his voice.”
[3:16] 400 tn Or “the sky.” See the note on “sky” in 2:30.
[3:17] 403 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[3:17] 404 tn Heb “strangers” or “foreigners.” In context, this refers to invasions by conquering armies.
[3:18] 405 tn Heb “and it will come about in that day.”
[3:18] 406 tn Many English translations read “new wine” or “sweet wine,” meaning unfermented wine, i.e., grape juice.
[3:18] 407 sn The language used here is a hyperbolic way of describing both a bountiful grape harvest (“the mountains will drip with juice”) and an abundance of cattle (“the hills will flow with milk”). In addition to being hyperbolic, the language is also metonymical (effect for cause).
[3:18] 408 tn Or “seasonal streams.”
[3:18] 410 tn Heb “valley of Shittim.” The exact location of the Valley of Acacia Trees is uncertain. The Hebrew word שִׁטִּים (shittim) refers to a place where the acacia trees grow, which would be a very arid and dry place. The acacia tree can survive in such locations, whereas most other trees require more advantageous conditions. Joel’s point is that the stream that has been mentioned will proceed to the most dry and barren of locations in the vicinity of Jerusalem.
[3:19] 411 tn Heb “violence of the sons of Judah.” The phrase “of the sons of Judah” is an objective genitive (cf. KJV “the violence against the children of Judah”; NAB, NIV, NRSV “violence done to the people of Judah”). It refers to injustices committed against the Judeans, not violence that the Judeans themselves had committed against others.
[3:20] 412 tn The phrase “will be secure” does not appear in the Hebrew, but are supplied in the translation for the sake of smoothness.
[3:21] 413 tc The present translation follows the reading וְנִקַּמְתִּי (vÿniqqamti, “I will avenge”) rather than וְנִקֵּתִי (vÿniqqeti, “I will acquit”) of the MT.
[9:14] 414 tn This line can also be translated “I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel” and is a common idiom (e.g., Deut 30:3; Jer 30:3; Hos 6:11; Zeph 3:20). This rendering is followed by several modern English versions (e.g., NEB, NRSV, NJPS).
[9:14] 415 tn Or “the ruined [or “desolate”] cities.”
[9:14] 416 tn Or “and live [in them].”
[9:14] 417 tn Heb “drink their wine.”
[9:14] 419 tn Heb “eat their fruit.”
[9:15] 420 tn Heb “their.” The pronoun was replaced by the English definite article in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[7:15] 421 tn Heb “him.” This probably refers to Israel in a collective sense. Because the switch from direct address to the third person is awkward, some prefer to emend the suffix to a second person form. In any case, it is necessary to employ a second person pronoun in the translation to maintain the connection for the English reader.
[7:15] 422 sn I will show you miraculous deeds. In this verse the
[7:16] 423 tn Or “be ashamed of.”
[7:16] 424 tn Heb “and their ears will be deaf.” Apparently this means the opposing nations will be left dumbfounded by the
[7:17] 425 tn Heb “like crawling things on the ground.” The parallelism suggests snakes are in view.
[7:17] 426 tn Thetranslationassumesthatthe phrase אֶל־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ (’el-yÿhvah ’elohenu, “to the
[7:17] 427 tn Heb “they will be in dread and afraid.”
[7:17] 428 tn The
[7:18] 429 tn Heb “Who is a God like you?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “No one!”
[7:18] 430 tn Heb “one who.” The prayer moves from direct address (second person) in v. 18a to a descriptive (third person) style in vv. 18b-19a and then back to direct address (second person) in vv. 19b-20. Due to considerations of English style and the unfamiliarity of the modern reader with alternation of persons in Hebrew poetry, the entire section has been rendered as direct address (second person) in the translation.
[7:18] 431 tn Heb “pass over.”
[7:18] 432 tn Heb “of the remnant of his inheritance.”
[7:18] 433 tn Heb “he does not keep hold of his anger forever.”
[7:19] 434 tn The verb יָשׁוּב (yashuv, “he will return”) is here used adverbially in relation to the following verb, indicating that the
[7:19] 435 tn Some prefer to read יִכְבֹּס (yikhbos, “he will cleanse”; see HALOT 459 s.v. כבס pi). If the MT is taken as it stands, sin is personified as an enemy that the
[7:19] 436 tn Heb “their sins,” but the final mem (ם) may be enclitic rather than a pronominal suffix. In this case the suffix from the preceding line (“our”) may be understood as doing double duty.
[7:19] 437 sn In this metaphor the
[7:20] 438 tn More literally, “You will extend loyalty to Jacob, and loyal love to Abraham.
[7:20] 439 tn Heb “our fathers.” The Hebrew term refers here to more distant ancestors, not immediate parents.
[7:20] 440 tn Heb “which you swore [or, “pledged”] to our fathers from days of old.”
[3:12] 441 tn Heb “needy and poor people.” The terms often refer to a socioeconomic group, but here they may refer to those who are humble in a spiritual sense.
[3:12] 442 tn Heb “and they will take refuge in the name of the
[3:12] sn Safety in the
[3:13] 443 tn Or “the remnant of Israel.”
[3:13] 444 tn The words “peacefully like sheep” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[3:14] 445 sn This phrase is used as an epithet for the city and the nation. “Daughter” may seem extraneous in English but consciously joins the various epithets and metaphors of Israel and Jerusalem as a woman, a device used to evoke sympathy from the reader.
[3:15] 446 tn Heb “your judgments,” that is, “the judgments directed against you.” The translation reflects the implications of the parallelism.
[3:16] 447 tn Heb “it will be said.” The passive construction has been translated as active for stylistic reasons.
[3:16] 448 tn Heb “your hands must not go limp.”
[3:17] 449 tn Heb “he rejoices over you with joy.”
[3:17] 450 tc The MT reads, “he is silent in his love,” but this makes no sense in light of the immediately preceding and following lines. Some take the Hiphil verb form as causative (see Job 11:3) rather than intransitive and translate, “he causes [you] to be silent by his love,” that is, “he soothes [you] by his love.” The present translation follows the LXX and assumes an original reading יְחַדֵּשׁ (yÿkhaddesh, “he renews”) with ellipsis of the object (“you”).
[3:17] 451 tn Heb “he rejoices over you with a shout of joy.”
[3:18] 452 tn Heb “The ones grieving from an assembly I gathered from you they were, tribute upon her, a reproach.” Any translation of this difficult verse must be provisional at best. The present translation assumes three things: (1) The preposition מִן (min) prefixed to “assembly” is causal (the individuals are sorrowing because of the assemblies or festivals they are no longer able to hold). (2) מַשְׂאֵת (mas’et) means “tribute” and refers to the exiled people being treated as the spoils of warfare (see R. D. Patterson, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah [WEC], 385-86). (3) The third feminine singular suffix refers to personified Jerusalem, which is addressed earlier in the verse (the pronominal suffix in “from you” is second feminine singular). For other interpretive options see Adele Berlin, Zephaniah (AB 25A), 146.
[3:19] 453 tn The word “sheep” is supplied for clarification. As in Mic 4:6-7, the exiles are here pictured as injured and scattered sheep whom the divine shepherd rescues from danger.
[3:19] 454 tn Heb “I will make them into praise and a name, in all the earth, their shame.” The present translation assumes that “their shame” specifies “them” and that “name” stands here for a good reputation.
[3:20] 455 tn In this line the second person pronoun is masculine plural, indicating that the exiles are addressed.
[3:20] 457 tn Heb “I will make you into a name and praise among all the peoples of the earth.” Here the word “name” carries the nuance of “good reputation.”
[3:20] 458 tn Heb “when I restore your fortunes to your eyes.” See the note on the phrase “restore them” in 2:7.
[10:6] 459 tn Heb “the house.”
[10:6] 460 tn Or “the kingdom of Israel”; Heb “the house of Joseph.”
[10:6] sn Joseph is mentioned here instead of the usual Israel (but see 2 Sam 19:20; Ps 78:67; 80:1; 81:5; Ezek 37:16; Amos 5:6, 15; 6:6) because of the exodus motif that follows in vv. 8-11.
[10:6] 461 tc The anomalous MT reading וְחוֹשְׁבוֹתִים (vÿkhoshÿvotim) should probably be וַהֲשִׁי בוֹתִם (vahashi votim), the Hiphil perfect consecutive of שׁוּב (shuv), “return” (cf. Jer 12:15).
[10:9] 462 tn Or “sow” (so KJV, ASV). The imagery is taken from the sowing of seed by hand.
[10:10] 463 sn I will bring them back from Egypt…from Assyria. The gathering of God’s people to their land in eschatological times will be like a reenactment of the exodus, but this time they will come from all over the world (cf. Isa 40:3-5; 43:1-7, 14-21; 48:20-22; 51:9-11).
[10:11] 464 tn Heb “he,” in which case the referent is the
[10:11] 465 tn Heb “scepter,” referring by metonymy to the dominating rule of Egypt (cf. NLT).
[10:12] 466 tc Heb “I will strengthen them in the
[10:12] 467 tc The LXX and Syriac presuppose יִתְהַלָּלוּ (yithallalu, “they will glory”) for יִתְהַלְּכוּ (yithallÿkhu, “they will walk about”). Since walking about is a common idiom in Zechariah (cf. 1:10, 11; 6:7 [3x]) to speak of dominion, and dominion is a major theme of the present passage, there is no reason to reject the MT reading, which is followed by most modern English versions.
